Antimicrobial activity of different parts of Croccus sativus L. (saffron) including stigma, stamen, leaves and colora, extracted by various solvents, were tested against different bacteria (Microccucos luteus, Staphylococcus epidermitis, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Cladospourium sp) by cup plate diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each active extract were determined. The results obtained show strong activity of the ethyl acetate extract of various plant parts of the plant (except leaves) against bacteria and fungi used as test organisms.

Nanomaterials are structures with dimensions less than 100 nm. Among different nanomaterials, metal-and carbon-based nanoarchitectures have attracted interest due to their ease of production, biocompatibility, low cost, excellent physio-chemistry characteristics, and biological activities. They are synthesized by various methods such as physical, chemical, and biological methods Biosynthesized nanomaterials exhibit remarkably improved biological activities such as antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities. Antioxidant nanomaterials can shield molecules from oxidation processes by decelerating or preventing them from oxidizing in the first place. These nanomaterials are widely used in the food industries and biomedical sectors. Several factors (e. g., size, shape, composition, and synthesized procedure) may influence the antimicrobial activity of these nanocompounds. It was shown that biosynthesized nanomaterials have higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities than those by conventional methods. In the present review, we overview the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized metal-and carbon-based nanoarchitectures. In addition, the mechanism of antimicrobial activity, as well as commonly used methods to measure the antioxidant activity of nanomaterials, are highlighted.

Antimicrobial activity of the roots of Eranthemum roseum (Vahl) R.Br. (Dasmuli), were tested against different bacteria (including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) by cup plate diffusion method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of each active extract were determined. The results obtained showed strong activity of the petroleum ether extract of the roots of plant against the bacteria and fungi used as test organisms.